DIRECTORY OF COUNTRIES*

The following table lists some of the ethnic peoples living in the United States, with links to additional information if available.

This list is alphabetized by Country.
See also the list alphabetized by Language.

COUNTRY	LANGUAGE(S)
Afghanistan	Dari (called Farsi in Iran) and Pashto (aka Pushto) are the official languages. There are also about one million speakers of Uzbek, one-half million speakers of Turkmen (aka Turkoman), and about one-half million speakers of Brahui
Albania	Albanian
Algeria	Arabic, Among Berber languages, Kabyle is predominant.
Argentina	Spanish, Pampa
Armenia	Armenian
Austria	German
Azerbaijan	Azeri
Bahrain	Arabic
Bangladesh	Bengali is predominant, Brahui is spoken by a small minority.
Belgium	Flemish and French are the official languages.
Belorussia	Belorussian, Russian
Belize	Garifuna
Bhutan	Jonkha is the official language. Nepali is also spoken.
Bolivia	The official language is Spanish, which is spoken by less than 40 percent of the population. The predominant Indian languages are Quechua, Aymara, and Saramo (aka Itonama; spoken by less than 19 percent of the population).
Bosnia	Serbo-Croation
Brazil	Portuguese
Brunei	Visayak
Bulgaria	Bulgarian
Burkina Faso	French is the official language. Mossi (aka More) is the predominant native language. Gurma, Fulani, Dejula, and Tuareg are also spoken.
Burma (now known as the Union of Myanmar)	Burmese is the official language. Two predominant languages are Karen and Shan. Hmong is spoken by a small minority.
Burundi	Rundi and French are the official languages. Swahili (aka Kiswahili) serves as a commercial language.
Cambodia (now known as Kampuchea)	Khmer (aka Camboge) is the official language. Hmong and French are also spoken. Cham is the predominant tribal language.
Cameroon	French and English are the official languages. There are over 100 native languages, of which Fulani, Hausa, and Shua Arabic are included. Sari is spoken, not written, by a small minority.
Canada	English and French are the official languages. Algonquin is the language of the Algonquian Indians of North America.
Chile	Spanish. Araucanian is the predominant Indian language spoken.
Chad	Arabic, Shua Arabic
China	Standard Chinese (Mandarin) is spoken by 70% of the population. Other dialects include: Wu, Min, Cantonese, and Kejia. Uighur is also spoken.
Colombia	Spanish, Palenque (aka Palenquero)
Costa Rica	Spanish
Croatia	Serbo-Croatian
Cuba	Spanish
Cyprus	Greek, Turkish
Czech Republic	Czech
Dahomey	French is the official language. Fon is the predominant native language. Hausa and Yoruba are also spoken.
Denmark	Danish
Dominician Republic	Spanish
Ecuador	Spanish. Quechua is the predominant Indian language.
Egypt	Arabic, Sudanese Arabic (not intelligible to speakers of modern Arabic)
El Salvador	Spanish
Estonia	Estonian
Ethiopia	Amharic (aka Ethiopian) is the official language. Other predominant languages include Galla, Sidamo, Somali, Tigrinya, Tigre, and Sudanese Arabic (not intelligible to speakers of modern Arabic).
Finland	Finnish
France	French is the official language, Proven Hial, Breton, Basque, and Catal are spoken regionally.
Gambia	English is the official language. Fulani and Malinke are also spoken.
Georgia	Georgian, Ossetian
Germany, Federal Republic of (including former German Democratic Republic)	German is the official language. Yiddish is spoken in the Jewish communities.
Ghana	English is the official language. Other predominant languages include Ewe, Ga, Adangme, Gurma, Dagomba (aka Dagbane), Hausa, and Akan, of which Twi and Fante (aka Fanti) are the major dialects.
Greece	Greek
Guam	Chamor
Guatemala	Spanish. Fifty percent of the population speak different Mayan languages, of which Quiche is predominant.
Guinea	French is the official language. Fulani and Malinke are also spoken.
Guinea-Bissau	Portuguese is the official language, Fulani, Balante, and Malinke are also spoken.
Guyana	English is predominant. Arawak is spoken by a small minority.
Haiti	French and Haitian Creole are the official languages.
Honduras	Spanish, Garifuna
Hong Kong	English is the official language. Chinese (Cantonese) is spoken by the majority.
Hungary	Hungarian
Iceland	Icelandic
India	India is the most linguistically varied country in the world, with hundreds of languages spoken. Hindi is the predominant language. Along with English, it is official. Other predmoinant languages are: ,Assamese, Kashmiri, Rajasthani, Bengali, Malayalam, Sanskrit, Bhili, Marathi, Sindhi, Bihari, Nepali, Tamil, Gujarati, Oriya, Telugu, Kanarese, Punjabi, Urdi, Kafiri, Shina, and Khowan are spoken by Dards in India. One of the 15 constitutionally recognized languages.aka Kannada aka Panjabi
Indonesia	Bahasa Indonesian is the official language. Other languages include: Balinese, Javanese, Malay, Sundanese.
Iran	Farsi (called Dari in Afghanistan) is the official language. Azerbaijani, Baluchi, Baharlu (dialect of Azerbaijani spoken by 17.2 percent of the population) are also spoken. Kurdish is spoken by the Kurds. There are 10,000 speakers of Brahui.
Iraq	Arabic is the official language. Kurdish is also spoken by the Kurds.
Ireland	English is the official language, as well as Irish Gaelic.
Israel	Hebrew and Arabic are the official languages. Yiddish is spoken by 5 percent of the population.
Italy	Italian
Jamaica	English is the official language. Western Caribbean Creole English (dialects: Jamaican Creole English, Jamaican Patwa, Bongo Talk, and Quashie Talk).
Japan	Japanese
Jordan	Arabic
Kampuchea (aka Cambodia)	Khmer (aka Camboge) is the official language. French and Hmong are also spoken. Cham is the predominant tribal language.
Kazakhstan	Kazakh, Russian, and Uighur.
Kenya	Swahili (aka Kiswahili) is the official language. Other predominant languages include Kikuyu, Kamba, Kamba, Luo, Galla, and Somali.
Korea, North & South	Korean
Kyrgyzstan	Russian, Kirghiz, and Uighur.
Kuwait	Arabic
Laos	Lao, Hmong
Latvia	Latvian
Lebanon	Arabic
Lesotho	Sotho-Southern (spoken by 85 percent of the population), Zulu (spoken by 15 percent of the population)
Liberia	English is the official language. Kpelle is the most widely spoken native language. Grebo is also spoken.
Libya	Arabic
Lithuania	Lithuanian
Luxembourg	French
Macedonia	Madedonian
Malagasy Republic	Malagasy and French are the official languages.
Malaysia	Malay. Tamil is also spoken.
Malawi	English is the official language. Afrikaans and Zulu are also spoken.
Mali	French is the official language. Bambara and Fulani are the most predominant native languages.
Malta	Maltese
Mauritania	French is the official language. Fulani is also spoken.
Mexico	Spanish. Among the various Indian languages, Nahuatl is predominant.
Moldava	Romanian, Russian
Morocco	Arabic. Among Berber languages, Shluh and Tamazight are predonimant.
Nepal	Nepali
Netherlands	Dutch
Netherlands Antilles	Dutch is the official language, but Papiamento is widely spoken in the southern islands of Curacao, Aruba, and Bonaire.
New Guinea	Aika
Nicaragua	Spanish, Garifuna
Niger	French is the official language. Hausa and Fulani are predominant native languages. Shua Arabic is spoken by a small minority.
Nigeria	English is the official language. The most predominant native language is Hausa. Yoruba, Ibo, Kanuri, Yonba, Fulani, and Shua Arabic are also apoken.
Norway	Norwegian
Oman	Arabic is the official language. South Arabic, a term used to denote various related dialects, is also spoken.
Pakistan	Urdu is the official language. Kashmiri, Shina, Punjabi (aka Panjabi), Sindhi, Pashto (aka Pushto), Baluchi, and Brahui are also apoken.
Panama	Spanish
Paraguay	Spanish and Guaran are the official languages.
People's Democratic	Arabic is the official language,
Republic of Yemen	South Arabic, a term used to denote various related dialects, is also spoken.
Peru	Spanish. Quechua is the predominant Indian language. Aymara is also spoken.
Philippines	Tagalog and English are the official languages. Among the 82 dialects spoken, Ilocano is predominant. Cebuano is also spoken.
Poland	Polish is the official language. Yiddish is spoken by a small minority.
Portugal	Portuguese
Puerto Rico	Spanish is the official language.
Qatar	Arabic
Romania	Romanian is the official language. Yiddish is spoken by a small minority.
Russia	Russian. Yiddish is spoken by over 1/2 million people.
Rwanda	Rwanda and French are the official languages. Swahili (aka Kiswahili) is also spoken.
Samoa	Samoan
Saudi Arabia	Arabic is the official language. South Arabic, a term used to denote various related dialects, is also spoken.
Scotland	English is the official language. Scottish Gaelic is spoken by 2 percent of the population.
Senegal	French is the official language. Wolof, Fulani, and Malinke are the predominant native language
Serbia	Serbo-Croation
Sikkim	Nepali
Singapore	Malay is the national language. Chinese, an official language, along with Tamil and English, is spoken by about 75 percent of the population.
Slovakia	Slovak
Slovenia	Slovenian
Somalia	Somali
South Africa	Afrikaans and English are the official languages. Soth-Northern, Sotho-Southern, and Zulu are spoken in South Affrica.
Spain	Spanish is the official language, as well as Catal, Galician, and Basque.
Sri Lanka	Sinhalese is the official language. Tamil is also spoken.
Sudan	Arabic, Sudanese Arabic (spoken by over 11 million people; not intelligible to speakers of modern Arabic)
Swaziland	Swazi and English are the official languages. Zulu is spoken by 2.3 percent of the population.
Sweden	Swedish
Switzerland	French, German, Italian, and Romansch are the four official languages.
Syria	Arabic is the official language. Kurdish is spoken by the Kurds.
Taiwan	Chinese (Mandarin dialect) is the official language, but native Taiwanese speak the Fukienese (aka Amoy) dialect.
Tajikistan	Tajik
Tanzania	Swahili (aka Kiswahili) and English are the official languages. Over 100 tribal languages are spoken, of which Sukama is predominant.
Thailand	Thai. Chinese, Malay and Hmong are also spoken.
Tibet Autonomous Region of China	Tibetan
Togo	French is the official language. Ewe is the predominant native language followed by Kabre, Gurma, and Hausa.
Tunisia	Arabic
Turkey	Turkish. Kurdish is spoken by the Kurds.
Turkmenistan	Turkmen
Uganda	Swahili (aka Kiswahili)
Ukraine	Ukrainian. Yiddish is spoken by over 1/2 million people.
United Arab Emirates	Arabic
United States	Native American languages reported by school districts include Seneca, Mohawk, Oneida, Algonquin and Navajo. In addition, Native American languages indigenous to and still spoken in New York State are Cayuga, Onondaga, and Tuscarora.
Uruguay	Spanish
Uzbekistan	Uzbek and Uighur
Venezuela	Spanish
Vietnam	Vietnamese is the official language. Hmong is also spoken.
Zaire	French is the official language. Predominant native languages are Swahili (aka Kiswahili) and Luba.
Zambia	English is the official language. Bemba is the predominant native language, followed by Tonga and Nyanja (aka Chinyanja).
Zimbabwe	English is the official language. Afrikaans, Shona, and Ndebele are also spoken.

* The list above is adapted from information developed by:
The University of the State of New York
THE STATE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
Office of Bilingual Education
Albany, New York 12234

This list was originally developed as a resource guide for school districts that provide services to pupils whose native language is other than English. It is intended to assist districts in identifying the languages spoken by some limited English proficient students in New York State. It is not an all-inclusive inventory of the nations and/or linguistic systems of the world. Because of the thousands of tribal languages and dialects that are spoken in the world, only those whose speakers number over 250,000 and/or those that were reported by New York State school districts were included in this directory This list is alphabetized by Country. See also the list alphabetized by Language.